Ethernet adapter
Token Ring adapter
Ethernet + Modem / GSM
Fax-Modem / GSM adapter
SCSI adapter
I/O cards: RS232, LPT, RS422, RS485, GamePort, IrDA®, Radio, Video
Memory cards
harddisks
2.5" harddisk adapters
For desktops there are PCMCIA slots for ISA and PCI bus available.
Source: http://www.lapshop.de
With the command cardctl ident you may get information about your card. Put this information into /etc/pcmcia/config.opts if necessary. But this may not be enough to get the card to work, but works sometimes for no-name network cards or modem cards. If you get a card to work or have written a new driver please don't forget to announce this to the developer of the PCMCIA-CS package David Hinds . Look the current issue of his file SUPPORTED.CARDS to get information about supported cards.
Since there are not all cards mentioned I have set up a page PCMCIA Cards - Unofficially - Supported by Linux .